EPI in MRI Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

EPI in MRI - Essay Example Prominently, the limits existing among fat and minimized bone are influenced by the fast de-staging of the transverse attractive field just as mutilates the sign. Resultantly, this prompts an inappropriate situating of the recurrence in the stage heading. K-space line is another boundary that could be streamlined in order to change the EPI. A move in the k-space line from its ordinary line prompts geometric contortion (Amin and Afzal, 2009, p.232). Such a move might be coming about because of field in-homogeneities. Be that as it may, this relic is diminished by turn reverberation arrangements, which do reword the twists each time a 180-degree beat is applied. Then again, inclination reverberation structures of the pulling together of the ancient rarity. Verifiably, EPI utilizes an angle reverberation grouping, along these lines prompting the gathering of the impact with no radiofrequency (RF) heartbeat to address the equivalent. It is significant that any aggregation of mistakes eme rging from stage encoding will be wrongly enrolled, in this way presenting EPI to this ancient rarity. If the span of the EPI direction if impressively long, the EPI itself gets the opportunity to be influenced even by little field in-homogeneities (Ye et al, 1996, p.219). Change in the boundary can be so accomplished through expanding the data transmission. Such an activity will prompt a decrease in the reverberation time (TE). To acknowledge more incline examining, the stay time can be expanded. In improving EPI, the recurrence of the stage encoding can be expanded utilizing a zero filling. The final product of this is an expansion in goals. Then again, TE can be expanded in order to build the transverse polarization, in this manner giving a more prominent T2 and T2*. Also, an angle with a generally elite can be utilized in streamlining EPI (Ye et al, 1996, p.220). Data transmission speaks to the recurrence extend coming about because of the as of now read slope over the field-of-see (FOV). This measure is very basic in the assurance the

Geopolitics Essays - Geopolitics, Political Geography,

Geopolitics Geopolitics is the applied investigation of the connections of land space to governmental issues. Geopolitics, hence, worried about the complementary effect of spatial examples, highlights, and structures and political thoughts, establishments, what's more, exchanges. The term 'Geopolitics' has initially concocted, in 1899, by a Swedish political researcher, Rudolf Kjellen and its unique significance is to connote a general worry with geology and governmental issues. In any case, characterizing the idea of 'geopolitics' itself is an impressively troublesome errand in light of the fact that meaning of geopolitics tends to changes as verifiable timeframes and structures of world request change. In this manner, there have been various methods of deciphering the term and contentions on them all through the history. In this exposition, I expect to look at how geopolitics has impacted on universal relations and how it has advanced utilizing notable geopoliticians' speculations in a sequential request: Imperialist, Cold War, and New World Order. Settler Geopolitics In mid twentieth century, geopolitics was a type of intensity or information worried about advancing states expansionism and making sure about realms. It was a period portrayed by frontier expansionism abroad and mechanical modernization at home. This is additionally when regular matchless quality of a specific race or the state has extensively won. The most generally and topographically destined radical competition of the period was that of between British Empire and the rising majestic goals of the German state in Europe. So as to explore the geopolitical strain between them, the geopolitical compositions of the British geographer Halford Mackinder and of the German geopolitician Karl Haushofer must be completely analyzed. Furthermore, it is likewise expected to look at the perspective on the far side over the Atlantic, the United States that risen as a critical player on world's stage later on. As a matter of first importance, the beginning stage for practically all conversations of geopolitics is Sir Halford Mackinder, an individual from the British Parliament who stated The Geographic Rotate of History in 1904. He tended to the significance in the historical backdrop of geopolitics for three reasons in his work; for its god's eye worldwide view; for its division of the globe into huge areas of history, and for its general story of topography's molding effect on the course of history and legislative issues. In the first place, he contends that Geopolitics is another method of seeing universal legislative issues as a brought together overall scene and receives a divine being's eye worldwide view which looks down on what he calls the phase of the entirety world: For the first occasion when we can see something of the genuine extent of highlights and occasions on the phase of the entire world and may look for a recipe which will communicate certain angles, at any rate, of geological causation in history. In this sentence, 'we' infers the geopolitical specialists, taught and advantaged white men who can see the genuine political highlights. This sentence shows all the essential components of settler geopolitics, for example, the heavenly eye look on the world, no one but specialists can see the genuine and the longing to uncover laws to clarify the entirety of history. Be that as it may, this view has been reprimanded for the reason that colonialists just observe inside the structures of significance gave by their socialization into specific foundations, scholarly settings and political culture and convictions. Second, he recommends the guide of The Natural Seats of Power. To outline his theory topographically, Mackinder names gigantic tracts of region with basic characters like turn territory. He takes out the colossal topographical decent variety and particularity of spots on earth. Contrast becomes equivalence. Geological heterogeneity becomes geopolitical homogeneity. Third, he contends the topographical causation of history in the use of the general hypothesis. At the focal point of this hypothesis shows the connection between physical topography and transportation innovation. Until the finish of nineteenth century, ocean power was the incomparable, however by at that point, railways were making it conceivable to move huge militaries rapidly finished tremendous land zones. Mackinder needed his administration, which had accomplished wonder as a ocean power, to be set up for the ascent of a land power, clearly Germany at that time. In his well known heartland hypothesis, he renamed Euro-Asia, the world island and the rotate region, the heartland. Who manages East Europe orders the Heartland; Who administers the Heartland orders the world island; Who administers the world island orders the world. As per his basic key contention, what must be forestalled is German expansionism in Eastern Europe and a German collusion with the Soviet Association for the time. Despite his exertion, his thought littly affected English international strategy. The explanation is said that his method of deciphering human history is too oversimplified and far topographically deterministic,

How Will The New Tax Law Affect You

How Will The New Tax Law Affect You How Will The New Tax Law Affect You? How Will The New Tax Law Affect You?While youre getting your taxes filed for this year, it wouldnt hurt to look ahead to 2019 and how the new tax law will affect your finances.Have you done your taxes yet? No? Well, you should, um, get on that. The sooner you file your taxes, the sooner you’ll get your refund!In the meantime, it’s never too early to start thinking about next year’s taxes. Especially because there are some pretty big changes in the tax code that you’ll have to take into account when you’re filing this time next year.We kept you posted during the tax bill negotiations, but what’s the score now that it’s all shaken out?We talked to some experts to bring you the info you need about this new tax landscape.Who wins, who loses?This always seems to be the way that coverage of the tax law is framed. In terms of “winners and losers.” And it makes sense. In a world without unlimited resources, a change in how we allocate those resources is going to result in s ome people doing better and other people doing worse.As far as who does better and who does worse under this law, it seems pretty clear overall:“Unfortunately, the benefits of these tax cuts are not distributed evenly,” Mario Costanz, CEO of Happy Tax Service (@happytaxservice), told us. “According to the Tax Policy Center, people making between $307,900 and $732,800 will see a 4.1 percent increase in their take-home pay after the new law goes into effect. However, people making between $48,600 and $86,100 would only see a 1.6 percent boost. So, wealthier households are benefiting more from the Trump tax cuts than low-income familiesâ€"at least in the short term. Most of the tax cuts in the 2018 bill are set to expire by 2027, soâ€"if the cuts are not renewedâ€"most of us will see our taxes go back up.”And while most people may see at least a temporary tax cut, that overall decrease in government revenue could mean the rolling back of services that many middle and lower clas s individuals and families rely on.But that’s in the future, and we’re not in the business of predicting the future. (We used to be, but our magic eight ball rolled under the couch and we are very, very lazy.) Now that we’ve gotten a sense of the overall impact, let’s get to how this will affect you personally.A couple of expanded deductionsWe’re going to go out on a limb here and assume that you aren’t fabulously wealthy. Why? Because this is a blog about personal finance, not yacht upkeep or butler rodeos. And if you’re not in one of the upper-income brackets, then that odds are good that you don’t have a fancy accountant advising you how to minimize your tax burden.But if you are indeed on the lower to middle end of the spectrum, then there is at least one aspect of this tax-code shake-up of the tax code could work in your favor. We’ll let financial planner Jason Newcomer explain:“One impact that should help lower-income for families is the greater standard de duction. In 2017, a married couple filing a joint return could deduct $12,700 from their taxable income. In 2018, that number is $24,000. A married couple filing a joint return with children will likely be able to deduct less this year due to the loss of personal exemptions. However, the child tax credit has been expanded, and the net impact will likely be a reduced tax burden for this family.”Of course, you might have noticed a “loss” in there. And the loss of the personal exemptions aren’t the only deductions that are going away.And a lot of deductions are  goneFor many families, the larger standard deduction might actually mean a smaller tax bill overall. But given how many deductions are on the way out, that’s far from a guarantee.CPA and best-selling author Micah Fraim (@MFraim89) outlined many of the vanishing exemptions in a recent blog post on his site. Some of the highlights (or should we say lowlights) include:“Elimination of moving expenses. If you moved for w ork, those expenses used to be tax deductible. And they were especially advantageous because they were ‘above the line’ deductions that reduced your Adjusted Gross Income (AGI) and did not require you to itemize in order to take advantage of them. This deduction has been eliminated unless you are a member of the military.”“Reduction in the state and local tax (SALT) deduction. Taxes paid to state and local governments (real estate, income tax, personal property tax, etc.) used to be completely tax deductible. This deduction has now been capped at $10,000 total. For some people this will not make much of a difference, but in states with high state income or high property taxes this will be especially painful.”“Unreimbursed employee expenses. If you were an employee and had a large amount of unreimbursed business expenses, you could deduct those costs. This was especially helpful for people in sales positions or ones that required a lot of travel/mileage.”You can check o ut Fraim’s post for a complete listing, but he also reached out to us with one example that could definitely affect you if you had a marriage that didn’t end so well:“If you get divorced and have to pay alimony, there has always been one upside: You get to deduct those payments from your taxes. For now at least. Under the new tax code, this deduction has been eliminated for anyone getting divorced after December 31, 2018. Having to not only make these payments, but then to pay tax as though you have the money will make them even harder to swallow. Expect to see divorce settlements become even more contentious with some couples racing to wrap up their divorce before 2019.”So, um, if you’re in a crumbling marriage … maybe pull the plug now instead of later? Wow, this got dark.Why’d you have to go and make things so complicated?Hopefully, this is a good start, but you may still want to do more research based on your own needs. Maybe even talk to a financial planner or acc ountant if you can afford one.Despite the claims of “simplification,” this new tax law is anything but. As Fraim puts it in his blog: “Clocking in at approximately 1,100 pages long, and with more twists and turns than a cornfield maze, it is most definitely not simple.”Thankfully, you still have a whole year to figure out exactly how the law will affect you. And if you’re someone who always procrastinates on their taxes, then we strongly suggest you make next year’s returns an exception.To learn more about taking control of your finances in 2018, check out these related posts and articles from OppLoans:How to Save $2,018 in 2018Start Your New Year Out Right: Get a Credit Check!Should You Invest in Bitcoin?From Budget to Baller: 6 Tips to Grow Your MoneyHow to Fix Your Bad Credit in 2018Will you see a bigger or smaller refund under the new tax law? We  want to hear from you!  You can  email us  or you can find us on  Facebook  and  Twitter.Visit OppLoans on  YouTube  |  F acebook  |  Twitter  |  LinkedINContributorsMario Costanz  is the CEO of  Happy Tax  (@happytaxservice).  As a longtime avid blockchain and cryptocurrency enthusiast, Mario Costanz saw a need for quality tax preparation in the crypto trading community and launched CryptoTaxPrep.com  as a division of Happy Tax.  CryptoTaxPrep.com  has positioned itself as the industry leader in cryptocurrency tax preparation.Micah Fraim, CPA  (@MFraim89)    owns an award-winning accounting practice, has an Amazon bestselling book, and experience as a business analyst in the marketing department of a Fortune 500 company. As such, he brings a broader perspective than most any other accountant. For years hes helped my clients find money that others have missed and helped them make maneuvers others had not thought of. Hes been featured on Forbes, MarketWatch, Time and you can learn more about his work at  FraimCPA.com.Jason Newcomer  graduated from Missouri State University with a Bachelor of Science in Finance in 2010. He began working at Barber Financial Group in  2010,  and was promoted to Advisor in 2012. Jason works to build his clients’ confidence and to help them to understand they can have the retirement they have always envisioned. His mission is to help as many people as he can to realize their financial goals. Jason is an Accredited Investment Fiduciary (AIF ®), a CERTIFIED FINANCIAL PLANNER (CFP ®).

Is Medical Marijuana Really Safe For You - 966 Words

Is Medical Marijuana Really Safe For You? In Carrie Shortsleeve’s article, â€Å"The Truth About Medical Marijuana†, she is writing to those who are curious about the use of marijuana for medical purposes. Doctors and Scientists everywhere have been studying the use of marijuana for years and question the medical use of it every day. Some doctors and scientists are ready for it to be legalized in their states so that they can administer the drug as soon as tomorrow. While others are 100 percent against the use of marijuana in the medical environment. In her article, Carrie Shortsleeve interviews different doctors and professors to see what their opinions or thoughts may be on the use of medical marijuana. She goes into great detail using facts and statistics on both the positive and negative uses of the drug. The motivation behind Carrie’s article is to find out answers to the questions that we all ask ourselves every day, â€Å"Is marijuana safe to use in medic al terms?†, â€Å"How do you know how much to administer a patient?†, â€Å"Will it be legalized in every state?† etc. There are many ways in which medical marijuana can be used to help you, but there are also many ways where it can do more harm than good. Carrie Shortsleeve states in her article that â€Å"The marijuana plant is made up of 500 chemical compounds.† Shortsleeve then goes on to say that â€Å"this is where the case for medical marijuana gets complicated.† By using her research, and talking to other doctors and professors,Show MoreRelatedArgumentative Essay On Medical Marijuana1301 Words   |  6 PagesMadison Summers Medical Marijuana   Ã‚  Ã‚   According to a survey by pubmed.gov, â€Å"92 percent said that medical marijuana alleviated symptoms of their serious medical conditions, including chronic pain, arthritis, migraine, and cancer.† 86 percent of the United States believe that Cannabis has valid medical uses, says statista.com. Definitions.com states that, â€Å"medical marijuana refers to the use of cannabis or marijuana, including constituents of cannabis, THC and other cannabinoids, as a physician-recommendedRead MoreEnd the Suffering with Cannabis Essay565 Words   |  3 Pagesmeaning cannabis (â€Å"Quotes About Marijuana†). So why should we ban all marijuana? According to doctors, medical marijuana is really safe. â€Å"In script medical terms marijuana is far safer than many foods we commonly consume. For example, eating 10 raw potatoes can result in a toxic response. By comparison, it is physically impossible to eat enough marijuana to induce death.† [DEA administrative law Judge- 1988] This quote is saying that medical marijuana is really safe and it’s impossible to die fromRead MoreMedical Marijuana As A Treatment Option1733 Words   |  7 Pages INFORMATION SPEECH OUTLINE WORKSHEET Speech Title: Medical Marijuana as a Treatment Option Specific Purpose: To inform my audience about the benefits of medical marijuana and why it should remain legal I. Introduction (Your goal here is to draw us into your speech...) A. Attention Material (This step helps us focus our attention on you and your message. It is suggested that you begin with a story, quote, statistic, definition, use of suspense, etc. Never begin with, Hi I am ___ and today IRead MoreThe Legalization of Marijuana Essay examples1360 Words   |  6 Pagesingredient in marijuana. The school said he couldn’t bring the pills to school because it would violate its zero tolerance policy on drugs† (Oliver). Without the pills containing THC, the young boy could have a seizure. If medicinal marijuana was legal, this wouldn’t have been an issue, and that is why marijuana should be legalized in the United States. It will not only benefit those who need it for medical issues, but the taxation will also benefit our economy. Since the 1930s marijuana has been illegalRead MoreMedical Marijuana Should Be Legal1051 Words   |  5 PagesThe term medical marijuana refers to the using the whole unprocessed marijuana plant or its basic extracts to treat a disease or symptom. But how can you really help? Medical marijuana may help stop the growth of blood vessels that feed cancerous tumors. And what I am currently researching is how medical marijuana can help treat illnesses. For medical marijuana we basically use THC and CBD both or cannabinoids that are in the marijuana plant. For THC it increases appetite and reduces nausea. THCRead MoreBoth Sides of Legalizing Marijuana1316 Words   |  5 Pagesof us know, marijuana has been legalized in Washington and Colorado for recreational use. According to polls and predictions, Oregon may be one of the up and coming states to legalize it next. But here comes to question, Should marijuana be legalized? Why or why not? There are many pros and cons to this situation, a nd they all affect not just our state but our country as a whole. That is exactly why I chose this topic. Since middle school, there has been talk about whether marijuana should be legalizedRead MoreThe Advantages of Legalizing Marijuana Essay example1090 Words   |  5 Pages What comes to mind when you think of drugs? Perhaps you think of the nightly news talking about killings on the streets or maybe you think of those unforgettable meth ads on television and billboards. But what seems to be very popular when the word drug comes up is the controversial ongoing debate on whether or not marijuana should be legalized. Many advocates believe prohibiting marijuana reduces crime, trafficking and increases health. However, marijuana is one of the most misunderstood drugsRead MoreThere is a salient and continuous negative stigma concerning the legalization of marijuana for1100 Words   |  5 Pagesthe legalization of marijuana for medicinal purposes. The pathology that arises from this issue is a subjective matter, highly provocative because those who oppose and those who endorse present rhetoric in a very polarized manner. Like many in the medical marijuana community â€Å"†¦People start out a skeptic intent on researching marijuana’s harms.† (Flatow, 2014) It seems that there is a preponderance of people who have a proclivity to naturally oppose the legalization of marijuana, because there is whatRead MoreShould Marijuana Be Legalized? Canada?1244 Words   |  5 PagesThe Grass is Greener on the Other Side Weed, ganja, pot-all names for the illegal drug marijuana. In Canada possession of cannabis otherwise known as marijuana is a criminal offence punishable by law, and can come with some serious consequences. Although Illegal the harmful effects of cannabis has on the human body are few compared to its legal counter parts such as tobacco and alcohol. In Canada marijuana has been an outlawed substance as a result of the Narcotics Drug Act Amendment Bill of 1923Read MoreAlternative Medicine and Mainstream Medicine Essay1417 Words   |  6 Pages I feel like alternative medication is disgusting, because you do not know how clean or sanitary the tools, or treatments are. Alternative medicine is any treatment that is not part of the traditional medical system,like someone would learn in nursing school, or paramedic training. Complementary are those used alongside conventional medicine. Recent research has disproved the usefulness of many of these therapies. (USA Today) Alternative medicine is a different way to cure a disease, or another

Food manufacturers by law are obliged to include nutrition...

Food manufacturers by law are obliged to include nutrition information on their products in order to inform the customers of what the product contains. Nutrition information should be listed for each 100 g of solid foods or for each 100 ml of liquids. Energy, protein, carbohydrates, total fat, cholesterol, vitamins and minerals are the main components shown on food labels. Along with the nutritional information, ingredients and allergy warnings are also given on food labels 1 South African law regarding food labelling has been changed. Instead of measuring energy in kilojoules (kj), some labels will use the measurement of calories (kCal). 1kCal = 4.12 kJ, this is simply a new way of measuring but they both mean the same thing. RDA is the†¦show more content†¦The producers of coke discovered that their product was leading to constant weight gain due to its very high sugar content and they decided to create a diet alternative to their product. Diet Coke is sweetened with non-natural sweeteners such as aspartame. Aspartame has less calories than regular sugar but it is not as tasty. Aspartame is a very unsafe substance and according to many studies it has been found to cause cancer. Although the intentions of the Coca Cola Company were good, The Center for Science in the Public Interest’s (CSPI) Executive Director Michael F. Jacobson stated: â€Å"Aspartame has been found to cause cancer — leukemia, lymphoma, and other tumors—i n laboratory animals, and it shouldn’t be in the food supply. We certainly want Coca-Cola to shift its product mix toward lower- and no-calorie drinks, but aspartame’s reputation isn’t worth rehabilitating with this propaganda campaign. The company would be better off phasing out its use of aspartame and accelerating its research into safer, natural sweeteners such as those extracted from the stevia plant†.2 In addition to the cancer scare, aspartame and other sweeteners in diet drinks have been found to stimulate appetites, increase peoples cravings for carbs, raise fat storage and even cause weight gain. Another key ingredient in Coke is phosphoric acid. It is used for preserving, flavour and texture. Phosphorus is an important nutrient needed in yourShow MoreRelatedDUTCH LADY MILK INDUSTRY BERHAD NATURE OF BUSINESS Dutch Lady Milk Industries Berhad Malaysia is a3000 Words   |  12 PagesDUTCH LADY MILK INDUSTRY BERHAD NATURE OF BUSINESS Dutch Lady Milk Industries Berhad Malaysia is a dairy products manufacturer and supplier in Malaysia. Dutch Lady’s target market is people of all ages, ranging from infants to adults. Dutch Lady first started its operation in 1963 as a private joint-stock limited company. Six years after its start-up, Dutch Lady became the first milk company in Malaysia to be listed on the Stock Exchanges of Kuala Lumpur (Bursa Malaysia). Parent company of DutchRead MoreCost Sheet Analysis of Britania9682 Words   |  39 Pagesfulfillment of the requirement for the award of the degree of â€Å"Bachelors in Business Administration† from â€Å"Rukmini Devi Institute of Advanced Studies, New Delhi.† under my guidance and direction. To the best of my knowledge and belief the data and information presented by him / her in the project has not been submitted earlier elsewhere. Name of the Faculty – NITIKA SHARMA Designation of the Faculty RDIAS ACKNOWLEDGEMENT I offer my sincere thanks and humble regards to Rukmini DeviRead MorePharmaceutical Price Controls in the Oecd Countries47662 Words   |  191 PagesInternational Trade Administration The International Trade Administration (ITA) has as its mission the creation of economic opportunity for U.S. workers and firms by promoting international trade, opening foreign markets, ensuring compliance with trade laws and agreements, and supporting U.S. commercial interests at home and abroad. To learn more about the ITA, write to: International Trade Administration, Office of Public Affairs, U.S. Department of Commerce, Washington, DC 20230, or visit the ITA’sRead MoreUAE Consumer Lifestyle Analysis42818 Words   |  172 PagesConsumer Lifestyles - United Arab Emirates Euromonitor International August 2010 List of Contents and Tables Structure of the Report 1 Consumer Trends 1 Increased Demand for Health and Wellness Products in the Middle East 2 Popularity of Online Shopping Grows Amongst UAE Consumers 3 Generation of Newly Thrifty UAE Consumers 3 Rental Rates Plummet Across the Uae, Adding To Consumer Disposable Income 4 Environmentally Friendly Consumers on the Rise in UAE 5 Consumer SegmentationRead MoreThe Walt Disney Company and Disney Management25371 Words   |  102 Pagesour food venues have covered seating,† recalling that, when EuroDisney ï ¬ rst opened, the open-air restaurants offered no protection from the rainy weather that assails the park for long stretches of the year. On the food front, EuroDisney offered only a French sausage, drawing complaints from the English, Germans, Italians, and everyone else about why their local sausages weren’t available. This time around, the park caters to the multiple indigenous cultures throughout Europe—which includes a widerRead MoreConsumer Lifestyle in Singapore35714 Words   |  143 Pages........................................................... 20 Attitudes Towards Food Trends .............................................................................................. 20 Chart 7 Chart 8 Per Capita Expenditure on Consumer Foodservice by Chained and Independent 2011 ......... ............................................................................. 22 Regional Ranking of Average Supply of Food Calories per Day 2011 ....... 22 Drinking Habits ...............................Read MoreIkea at a Glance26682 Words   |  107 PagesUK Italy ... 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The Souls Of Black Folk By. B. Dubois - 1936 Words

Double consciousness is a term coined by W.E.B. DuBois in his 1903 book, entitled The Souls of Black Folk, that describes the cognitive dissonance that arises from being both black and American. DuBois describes the duality felt by African-Americans as always â€Å"measuring one’s soul by the tape of a world that looks on in amused contempt and pity† and that the black man â€Å"simply wishes to make it possible for a man to be both a Negro and an American without being cursed and spit upon by his fellows, without having the doors of opportunity closed roughly in his face.† Ralph Ellison demonstrates the narrator’s struggle with his identity through double consciousness that becomes apparent in many situations and results in Invisible Man developing a â€Å"sense of always looking at one’s self through the eyes of others,† which is what ultimately leads him to become invisible. Throughout Invisible Man, Ellison uses double-consciousness to il lustrate Invisible Man’s descent into invisibility by creating instances where he is placed in a new situation, such as the Brotherhood, where he has to reconcile two warring ideas: one of his past and one of his new reality. The roots of Invisible Man’s desire for invisibility take shape through W.E.B. DuBois description of double-consciousness as seeing yourself through the eyes of others, illustrated by many of Invisible Man’s actions through the novel. Perhaps the most evident example of Invisible Man’s detachment from his own mind and body isShow MoreRelatedThe Souls Of Black Folk By. B. Dubois1080 Words   |  5 PagesIn The Souls of Black Folk by W.E.B. DuBois, DuBois argues his point-of-view on racial tensions in the south during and after Reconstruction. DuBois was a key figure African-American historian and civil rights activist in his time leading and defending his fellows African-Americans. One of DuBois’s themes ranges on race relations developed after Reconstruction in the south. DuBois elaborates on the overwhelming divide between the white population and the black population in his chapter about raceRead MoreSouls Of Black Folk, By B. Dubois1673 Words   |   7 PagesDifferent documents ranging from 1903 to our present day in 2015 mirror this same ideology. People such as W.E.B DuBois, Anne Moody, Martin Luther King Jr., and Barack Obama, expressed the same concern. Many people in our society, past and present, see being African American as a sign of inferiority. Race shouldn’t be the distinguishing factor between people. Moody, King, Obama, and DuBois all show that the fixation on race was a debilitating problem and appealed to their audiences for action to breakRead MoreThe Souls Of Black Folk By William E. B. Dubois1066 Words   |  5 Pagesâ€Å"The Souls of Black Folk† was written in 1903 by William E. B. Dubois (4). 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Indegenous Employment And The Issue Of Email - Internet And Digital Lit

Question: Discuss about the Indegenous Employment And The Issue Of Email, Internet And Digital Literacy. Answer: Introduction Information Communications Technology has a big impact in the lives of the Indigenous Australians, since the ICT in these communities and lives, play vital roles, in education, living and the way they communicate among themselves and also among the communities. The major role of the ICT, during the great rate of the technological change, is in affecting the pedagogy of education and infrastructure of the education. ICT was seen before as only a potential role to teach the literacy of computer, however, going forward and increase technology, it has been recognized that the ICT can delivery various kinds of learnings, all with much lower cost, compared to the traditional learning and infrastructure. The Indigenous community has especially, gets benefited in multiple roles, by welcoming these technologies in their day to day life. However, the number of negative effects of the technology is not less than the number of positive effects and benefits, because of the famous saying that the technology is a double edged sword, and it can even take the lives, if the technology is not used in the right way. Discussion 1 Are indigenous online users likely to have secure systems or to be insecure compared to other users? There are huge benefits of using Information and Communication Technology in the remote and Indigenous Australia. However, there are numerous issues and obstacles involved in the ICT project delivery. These issues and obstacles can be classified as, Awareness Accessibility Affordability Appropriateness Among the four obstacles, the first obstacle is the awareness (Edmonds, et al., 2012). According to Perlgut and the reports, cost and digital literacy stand as key limiting factors to explore and use the Information and Communication Technology and the report argued that digital inclusion is well needed towards achieving full participation in education, society-economic, health and civic engagement. Despite several Federal and state government sponsored and delivered programs, to improve the awareness of IT, skill and update, there is a huge and significant proportion of the remote Indigenous population that exist with little or zero awareness of the ICT usage. But ICT has become a primary means to communicate and access the information, services and the content of the media, the unfortunate digital divide is going to increase, having no substantial increase in the awareness and training programs, applications relevant to these programs and content to embed the ICT values effectively. According to Coombes, effectiveness of the delivery models of the training stand as crucial factors to the engagement (Coombes, 2010). According to Coombes, responsive to priorities of the trainee, traditional structured training that is given traditionally. Ngaanyatjarra Media has developed many strategies to increase the awareness of the ICT among the Indigenous Australians, including gender-based delivery, conducting activities in various locations and also at varied times in a day, towards reducing the kinship avoidance relationships issues. The e-centre coordinators have provided continuous and peer-training and on-going access to the facilities of ICT beyond the roving trainers visits, locally (Randoll, 2014). According to Joint Select Committee on Cyber Safety report in 2013, generation gap in the use and knowledge of the technology of mobile and social media, between the parents, elders and youth of the indigenous communities, cyber bullying has been going on and it needs educational programs (Joint Select Committee on Cyber Safety Report, 2013). It is an indication that the Indigenous Australians are less aware about the Information and Communication Technology. It is evident that lack of awareness and fair knowledge about the ICT, would eventually result in knowing little about the threats associated with the respective technology. When the Indigenous Australians have the concern and issue of the awareness of the ICT and the respected computer technologies, it gives a clear indication that they are vulnerable, in terms of exploitation and victimization from the cyber-crimes that are prominent throughout the cyber world (Morel, 2014). They eventually do not tend to have secure systems. It shows the fact that the Indigenous people in Australia live in insecure life, compared to the non-indigenous people in Australia. The online users do not have enough knowledge to protect themselves, by protecting their online credentials. Discussion 2 Are indigenous people likely to have a mobile device (Smart Phone or Tablet)? According to Dyson, some of the indicators are found in the form of observed trends, towards understanding of the Indigenous priorities for the Information and Communication Technologies, as the following (Dyson, et al., 2007). Private and individual ownership of the computers as well as the mobile phones is taken up, by the population, who have the affordability, through is hardly any connection found among them. The priorities of the Indigenous communities are lost cost mobile phone plans With the introduction of the mobile phones in Ng lands, especially, by 6 communities in 2013, mobile phones became a must-have gadget for the population of Yarnangu. These mobiles are used to enable communication with friends, family and the community members Other mobile and computing devices, such as Tablets also have become popular and population of Yarnangu have started using the mobile phones for covering most of the events on their personal iPhones. The new generation is quick enough to understand the basic mobile technology and very much willing to explore and use possible applications and functions and also tend to share the knowledge explore with the peers and family members. Mobile phone number has become more associated with an identity of an individual, rather it being a shared resource with the family members (Brady Dyson, 2009). Regularly talking and conversing over the mobile phone has become common in the aboriginal communities. Some of the communities have started using the smartphones, with the mobile network, to stay connected with the family members, during the visits to larger communities and regional towns. Some of the communities, like Warburton, locates mobile tower, resulting the accessibility and capability to use smartphones, iPhones for accessing the WiFi and Next G, etc. In addition to the inclined use of the mobile phones in the day to day life of the population of the aboriginal communities, the need for the mobile phones has been increasing steadily, because of the need of it as a reference for identity, by the social networking sites, such as Facebook, etc. By considering all the above 10 factors, it can be perceived and concluded that the population of the Indigenous community is very much willing to use the mobile phones, not only for communicating, but for various other applications, such as browsing internet, using as multimedia device, etc. (Dyson, et al., 2007). Going forward, more and more number of mobile devices, including smartphone devices, iPhones will be used and usage of these mobile devices will soon become as a basic and primary need for the population in the Indigenous communities. Discussion 3 How do these usage statistics affect indigenous people and their prospect of enjoying life, gaining employment, and becoming financially secure? Education of the aboriginal Australian becomes an important factor, while analysing various aspects of their lives, such as use of technology, employment and also financial security (ABS, 2015). According to statistics from ABS, the population of the students, who are attending the schools for education is given as before. The figure shows and gives the statistics of Increase in number of students attending, by 4.2% in from Torres Strait Increase of students from ACT to 7.5% Increase of students from Victoria to 6.8% Increase of students from South Australia to 6.4% Total number of aboriginal and Torres Strait students s 200,563 The students contribute to 5.3% of total student population Admission of these students into government schools is 84% Admission of these students into catholic schools is 10.4% Admission of these students into independent schools is, 5.5 The above statistics show, the percentage of aboriginal students, from various geographical locations (ABS, 2015). Students from New South Wales 32% Students from Queensland 29.9% Students from Western Austala 12.9% and so on. These statistics show positive sign of increase studentship in the aboriginal communities and so the awareness and use of the Information and Communication Technology keeps improving. According to the above statistics and usage of the mobile technology and digital technology, it can be perceived and anticipated that their prospect to enjoy their lives, increase employment opportunities and gain financial security. Discussion 4 How important is security to indigenous people? Security is important for the indigenous people, as they are considered as more vulnerable group and can easily be exploited by the people, who have fair access and understanding of the urban area and also use of the Information and Communication Technologies (Allison, 2007). The use of the mobile phones, computer and internet technology and increase presence and visibility over the online portals tend to increase more and more issues related to the personal and digital security of an individual in Indigenous communities. These issues and concerns of security, such as cyber safety issues, are to be addressed and the exploitation has to be minimized with potential strategies. There are many security issues involved and identified for the Indigenous people in Australia. Some of these issues are raised by Ng Council (Altman Hinkson, 2007) Having understood the importance and potential of security issues, there are many projects that have been initiated by the Australian government. Ngaanyatjarra Council has been initiated to provide collective decision making and regional cohesion for the overall 12 communities, which promotes the sense of security, for the Indigenous population in Australia (Auditor-General, 2011). Conclusion The role of Information and Communication Technology is enormous in the lives and lifestyle fo the Indigenous community, since they are in very initial stages of using and influenced by the technology. There is a major impact in the learning system and the way they represent themselves to the external world and the way they communicate among themselves and with the external world. The increased use of the mobile technology and internet technology by the Indigenous communities in Australia, increasing the duration of their presence online, so each and every moment they stand online is vulnerable, as all their personal details and their actions can be accessible by the external world and there is a fair chance of getting bullied by the cybercrimes and also may end up, becoming victims of the cybercrimes. However, the use of technology has been increased as the benefits of these technologies have been identified and satisfied by these populations. The statistics show that their ways of interacting with the technology with half knowledge and unawareness about the potential threats on their lives, emphasize better training and learning of using the technology to use it in the right ways. Finally, the security of these populations is considered majorly as the important concern, which throws a big challenge on the government, which has been trying to increase the use of the technology in their lives, to increase the educational and communication levels in their lives. References ABS, (2015). Commentary on Student Numbers, Schools, Australia. Retrieved on 30 September, 2016, from https://www.abs.gov.au/ausstats/abs@.nsf/cat/4221.0 Allison, M. (2007). "Primary Attention Groups: A Conceptual Approach To The Communicative Ecology Of Individual Community In The Information Age". The Electronic Journal of Communication 17 (1 2). Althaus, C., Bridgman, P., Davis, G. (2013).. The Australian policy handbook edited. Sydney: Allen Unwin. Altman, J., Hinkson, M. (2007). Coercive Reconciliation: Stabilise, Normalise and Exit Aboriginal Australia edited. Melbourne: Arena Publications Association Auditor-General, (2011). Indigenous Employment in Government Service Delivery. The Auditor-General Audit Report No.4, Australian National Audit Office, Canberra: Commonwealth of Australia. Brady, F., Dyson, L. (2009). Report to Wujal Wujlal Aboriginal Shire Council on Mobile Telephony in the Bloomfiled River valley: University of Technology Sydney. Dyson, L. (2004). Cultural Issues In The Adoption Of Information And Communication Technologies By Indigenous Australians. Paper presented at the Cultural Attitudes Towards Communication and Technology Murdoch University, Perth, Australia Dyson, L., Hendricks, M. Grant, S. (2007). Information Technology and Indigenous People. Melbourne: Information Science Publishing. Edmonds, F., Rachinger, C., Waycott, J., Morrissey, P., Kelada, O., Nordlinger, R. (2012). Keeping Intouchable: A community report on the use of mobile phones and social networking by young Aboriginal people in Victoria. Melbourne: Institute for a Broadband-Enabled Society, Communication SoCa Joint Select Committee on Cyber-Safety. (2013). In: Cyber-Safety JSCo, editor. Issues surrounding cyber-safety for indigenous Australians. Canberra: Commonwealth of Australia. Joint Select Committee on Cyber-Safety. (2013). In: Cyber-Safety JSCo, editor. Issues surrounding cyber-safety for indigenous Australians. Canberra: Commonwealth of Australia. Kral I. (2010). Plugged in : remote Australian indigenous youth and digital culture. Canberra: Centre for Aboriginal Economic Policy Research; 2010. Kral I. (2011). Youth media as cultural practice: remote indigenous youth speaking out loud. Aust Aborig Stud. Lumby B. (2010). Cyber-indigeneity: urban indigenous identity on Facebook. Aust J Ind Educ. Radoll, P. (2014). Cyber-safety and indigenous youth. Indigenous Law Bulletin. Vaarzonà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ Morel P. (2014). Pointing the phone: transforming technologies and social relations among Warlpiri. Aust J Anthropol. Vaarzonà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ Morel P. (2014). Pointing the phone: transforming technologies and social relations among Warlpiri. 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